Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common circulatory problem characterized by narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to the limbs. Approximately 6.5 million people aged 40 and older in the United States are affected by this condition.

In individuals with PAD, the legs or arms often do not receive enough blood flow to meet the body’s demands, leading to symptoms such as leg pain or discomfort while walking or even at rest. PAD is typically a sign of a buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries (atherosclerosis), which results in decreased blood flow to the limbs.

Common Risk Factors for PAD

• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes mellitus
• High cholesterol
• Atherosclerosis (fatty plaque in arteries)
• Age over 60 years

Common Symptoms of PAD

• Pain in the legs while walking
• Leg numbness or weakness
• Coldness in the extremities
• Changes in color or hair loss
• Pain in the arms during activities such as writing, exercising, or performing manual tasks

If you experience any symptoms, such as leg pain, it is important to consult your primary care doctor or a vascular specialist to determine whether you may have PAD.

Even if you do not have symptoms, you should be screened for PAD if you meet any of the following criteria:

• You are 65 years old or older
• You are over the age of 50 and have a history of diabetes or smoking
• You are under the age of 50 with diabetes and other risk factors for PAD, which include high blood pressure and high cholesterol

If you exhibit symptoms of PAD or have an increased risk, your doctor may perform an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test. This noninvasive procedure measures blood pressure in the ankles and compares it with blood pressure in the arms, both at rest and after exercise. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computed tomographic angiography may also be conducted.

If diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease, your doctor may recommend aspirin or other antiplatelet medications to prevent serious complications associated with PAD and atherosclerosis. You may also need medication to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. If you smoke, it is crucial to quit; discuss options with your doctor to help you stop smoking. In some cases, endovascular procedures or surgery may be necessary to open blockages.

At Lower Bucks Hospital, we are committed to providing patients with the knowledge and resources to maintain a healthy heart. Understanding risk factors and making proactive lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the likelihood of heart disease. If you have concerns about your heart health or risk factors, don’t hesitate to reach out for a consultation. Together, we can work toward a healthier future.